Wednesday, April 20, 2016

Australia’s First facility Built for Nanoscience

Australia’s first facility built for nanoscience launched


The University of Sydney
20 April 2016
World-leading innovators visit for 2-day conference in $150m building.

The first facility built for nanoscience in Australia is launched at the University of Sydney today. The Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology is the most advanced facility for nanoscience in the region.

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Australia’s First Facility Built for Nanoscience
Leading scientific figures, pioneers and representatives from key organisations internationally are visiting Sydney for today’s launch of the Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology (AINST) – and the official opening of its headquarters – the most advanced facility for nanoscience in the region – where design, fabrication and testing of devices can occur under one roof.

Officially opening the new $150mSydney Nanoscience Hub will be Australian Academy of Science’s President Andrew Holmes AM; senior executives from Microsoft in the United States are also visiting to tour the building and scientists speaking at the two-day conference as part of the launch include one of Israel’s top physicists, Moti Segev, whose centre at the Technion is collaborating on a project including the University of Sydney and the NSW government.

Nanoscience is expected to be more impactful this century than the industrial revolution was in the 19th century. But “the buildings in which we work, rather than our imaginations, are what’s been limiting the science”, said Associate Professor Michael Biercuk, formerly a consultant to the US government organisation DARPA and now the research leader of a quantum flagship in AINST.

More than six years in the making, the award-winning Sydney Nanoscience Hub was co-funded with $40m from the federal government, includes teaching spaces alongside publicly available core research facilities that will support  fundamental research as well as the work of start-ups and established industry.

The Institute hosts some of the capabilities of the Australian National Fabrication Facility and of the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility – both co-funded by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS). Researchers at the Institute contribute to two Australian Council Centres of Excellence: CUDOS, the Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems; and EQuS, the Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems.

Professor Benjamin Eggleton, the Director of CUDOS who also heads the photonics flagship at AINST, said photonics (the study of photons – the building blocks of light) was already delivering real-world solutions: “Photonics is the backbone of the internet and underpins a $7 trillion industry,” Professor Eggleton said.

“Our team has led the world in photonic-based chip processing and we are now working on building a photonic chip – or a lab on a chip – that may one day be compatible with mobile phones, enabling them to sense environmental pollution or be used for testing blood samples to diagnose health issues.”

Vice-Chancellor Dr Michael Spence said the University-wide AINST reached across traditional disciplinary boundaries. “The Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology continues the University of Sydney’s tradition in addressing multidisciplinary issues in a unique way to ensure that we are ready to solve the great challenges of science, engineering and beyond,” he said.AINST Director, Professor Thomas Maschmeyer, will also head one of five initiating flagships – in Energy and Environment – and this month announced a investment valued at $11m from the United Kingdom into a University nano spin-off. “There is little doubt that society must progressively transition to non-fossil-based energy,” Professor Maschmeyer said.

Professor David Reilly, research leader of the Institute’s quantum measurement and control flagship, said breakthroughs at the nanoscale hold the key to major advances in areas such as artificial intelligence and security. ““The challenge for us over the next few years is to take the physics results that we have probing the basic phenomena of quantum mechanics and see those results turn into technologies.”

Director of the Sydney Nanoscience Hub building Professor Simon Ringer said new science would be enabled through this purpose-built facility for nanoscience – the first in Australia. “This is the best building of its kind in our region. It will allow us to operate research instruments that enable us to ask questions at the frontiers of science.”

AINST Director of Community and Research, Professor Zdenka Kuncic said the ‘rules of the game’ in nanoscience were still being worked out.

“Perhaps the most exciting aspect of nanoscience is the potential for new discoveries, including in health and medicine,” she said. “We have only scratched the surface of the new knowledge that remains to be revealed.”

News Release Source :  Australia’s first facility built for nanoscience launched

Image Credit : The University of Sydney

Sunday, March 13, 2016

Australian Scientists Created The World's Thinnest Lens

World's thinnest lens to revolutionise cameras


Australian National University (ANU)
11 MARCH 2016

Scientists have created the world's thinnest lens, one two-thousandth the thickness of a human hair, opening the door to flexible computer displays and a revolution in miniature cameras.

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Lead researcher Dr Yuerui (Larry) Lu from ANU Research School of Engineering said the discovery hinged on the remarkable potential of the molybdenum disulphide crystal.

"This type of material is the perfect candidate for future flexible displays," said Dr Lu, leader of Nano-Electro-Mechanical System (NEMS) Laboratory in the ANU Research School of Engineering.

"We will also be able to use arrays of micro lenses to mimic the compound eyes of insects."

The 6.3-nanometre lens outshines previous ultra-thin flat lenses, made from 50-nanometre thick gold nano-bar arrays, known as a metamaterial.

"Molybdenum disulphide is an amazing crystal," said Dr Lu

"It survives at high temperatures, is a lubricant, a good semiconductor and can emit photons too.

"The capability of manipulating the flow of light in atomic scale opens an exciting avenue towards unprecedented miniaturisation of optical components and the integration of advanced optical functionalities."

Molybdenum disulphide is in a class of materials known as chalcogenide glasses that have flexible electronic characteristics that have made them popular for high-technology components.

Dr Lu's team created their lens from a crystal 6.3-nanometres thick - 9 atomic layers - which they had peeled off a larger piece of molybdenum disulphide with sticky tape.

They then created a 10-micron radius lens, using a focussed ion beam to shave off the layers atom by atom, until they had the dome shape of the lens.

The team discovered that single layers of molybdenum disulphide, 0.7 nanometres thick, had remarkable optical properties, appearing to a light beam to be 50 times thicker, at 38 nanometres. This property, known as optical path length, determines the phase of the light and governs interference and diffraction of light as it propagates.

"At the beginning we couldn't imagine why molybdenum disulphide had such surprising properties," said Dr Lu.

Collaborator Assistant Professor Zongfu Yu at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, developed a simulation and showed that light was bouncing back and forth many times inside the high refractive index crystal layers before passing through.

Molybdenum disulphide crystal's refractive index, the property that quantifies the strength of a material's effect on light, has a high value of 5.5. For comparison, diamond, whose high refractive index causes its sparkle, is only 2.4, and water's refractive index is 1.3.

This study is published in the Nature serial journal Light: Science and Applications.

News Release Source : World's thinnest lens to revolutionise cameras

Image Credit : Australian National University (ANU)

Australian Scientists Created The World's Thinnest Lens

World's thinnest lens to revolutionise cameras Australian National University (ANU) 11 MARCH 2016 Scientists have created the world'...