Who Invented Nanotechnology?

By Chris Cornell

There is no specific answer to who invented nanotechnology, but the word 'nanotechnology' was coined by Professor Norio Taniguchi in 1974.

In 1959, Richard Feynman delivered a lecture at the American Physical Meeting Society about how molecules and atoms could be manipulated using specially-designed instruments. This was simply a proposition without a term for it yet, making Richard Feynman the one who invented nanotechnology as an idea. But in 1974, Professor Taniguchi wrote a paper describing the process of combining or separating atoms or molecules. It was then that he gave the process a term. Yet, the term was popularized by Dr K Eric Drexler through his book The Engines of Creation (1986), which was the first book of this subject.

Nanotechnology followed on in the 1980s when different sciences began to emerge, as well as the existence of STM, or Scanning Tunneling Microscope. With that, in the mid-80s, fullerenes were discovered and manipulated. Semiconductor nanocrystals were also developed, further improving the field of nanotechnology. In 1987, the first protein was engineered through the technology, which subject was brought up during a symposium. The next year, universities began to offer courses in nanotechnology. With nanotechnology the new hype, in 1991, the atomic force microscope was created, as well as the use of carbon nanotubes were increased.

Despite nanotechnology still being a new area, many scientists often refer to it to produce benefits. With nanotechnology, cleaner, purer water can be created, while plants or agricultural products that are genetically engineered can see to safer products for consumption. It is also known to be able to produce cheap energy, manufacture without pollution, and create drugs and medicines that are more effective because of their nanoparticles which can absorb into cells better. The marketing trend now is to use words like nanotechnology which even household people would happily buy after.

Chris is the writer of this article, you can visit us for more information on Who Invented Nanotechnology and Who Invented Nanotubes. Visit to read more detail.

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Excellence of Nanotechnology varied uses

Excellence of Nanotechnology, Protective coatings, Shower Enclosures

Author: nathansyngrem

Nanotechnology has varied uses. The one we shall be talking about in this article is the Nanotechnology that is used to protect and act as a shield for glass, tiles, porcelain, granite and most silica-based surfaces. With Nanotechnology the surface becomes much cleaner, stronger in terms of oil, water, bacteria repellent and other contaminants. Nanotechnology makes the surface scratch resistant and impact resistant. Through Nanotechnology discoveries at molecular scale are made to work for the benefit and betterment. Right from the very beginning, Nanotechnology has gained momentum for the incredible output and results. With the growing research and experiments the molecular world of Nanotechnology is advancing speedily.

Different companies offer the service of Nanotechnology. Choose your service provider as per the work they have done and the success rate of the company. The offering must way ahead of other competitors and should specifically be crafted to meet the dynamic requirements of clients and customers. Nanotechnology acts as a protection and improves the overall performance of the object. It also increases the life of the object by functioning as a guard.

Nanotechnology offers Protective Coatings that works as a shield and guard the surface from anything that can affect the normal functioning of the element. Protective Coatings can be applied to end number of items and products. The foremost functionality of Protective Coatings is to restore and improve the condition of the product for a prolonged period of time. The items with Protective coatings last longer than the ones without any coating.

Protective Coatings offered by nanotechnology also ensure a smooth and shining finish that also provides durability, reliability and safety. Pick the one that offers the most advanced Protective Coatings that guarantee long-lasting results. Protect your products and valuable items with our Protective Coatings and enjoy the power pact performance of your valued product for a very long time and invest in the right solution at affordable pricing.

Shower Enclosures is also provided by various companies that are very easy to clean with the help of single application lasting for year. Forget the daily Shower Enclosures cleaning and just splash plain water and get the Shower Enclosures as clean and sparkling as ever. Now stop worrying and enjoy the benefits of crystal clear Shower Enclosures.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/industrial-articles/excellence-of-nanotechnology-protective-coatings-shower-enclosures-2311049.html

About the Author

I have written many articles. But my field of interest is to write for the practical application practiced in industries for manufacturing products. I have written article on Protective coatings and Shower Enclosures.

Nathan Syngrem
1046 Calle Recodo, Suite F San Clemente, California 92673, USA.

Future of Nanotechnology in Electronics

The Future of Nanotechnology - Micro Electronics

Author: Jennifer T. Mcdonough

Nanotechnology is the technology of the future it will provide new ways of manufacturing products so that products will be smaller but more powerful.  According to NNS, 'Nanotechnology deals with objects smaller than 100 nanometers, a nanometer being 1 billionth of a meter.  For perspective, consider that the average human hair is 100,000 nanometers wide.  The aim of nanotech scientists is no less than to manipulate matter, atom by atom, into new materials, drugs, devices, even life forms'(NNS, 2004).  This explanation of nanotechnology explains exactly how small objects can be made.  In the future, this advancing technology will change the size of manufactured components so that objects will be smaller and more manageable. However, the website ‘Nanotechnology Now' was created to provide the latest information regarding nanotechnology.  They gave their own explanation on how nanotechnology can be used to construct smaller products.  According to Nanotechnology NOW, 'Nanotechnology is actually a multitude of rapidly emerging technologies, based upon the scaling down of existing technologies to the next level of precision and miniaturization' (Nanotechnology Now, 1999-2004).  With this advancing technology it will be possible to reconstruct exiting products into smaller more manageable objects.  For example, with the use nanotechnology it could be possible to transform desktop computers into computers that are the size of a watch but with more operating capacity and they will also last longer than current computers.  According to ‘Nanotechnology Now', 'Computers with the capabilities of current workstations will be the size of a grain of sand and will be able to operate for decades with the equivalent of a single wristwatch battery' (Nanotechnology Now, 1999-2004).  This technology advancement will make computers more abundant, cheaper to manufacture, faster, and smaller.

With nanotechnology cell phones are now of being uses as a telephone, television, and video camera that is small enough to carry in your pocket.   The Center for Responsible Nanotechnology supports this theory they state, 'Nanotechnology will offer the ability to construct a wide range of large objects inexpensively and with atomic precision.  It will go beyond materials and devices to complex systems of molecular machines, inspired by—but in some ways superior to—those found in nature'(Canter for Responsible Nanotechnology, 2002-2004). This technology will change the way all products are manufactured and used.  Since they will be smaller, they will be cheaper and required less resources and labor.  In addition, nanotechnology will also make products less expensive and more abundant and this will benefit society.

With the development of nanotechnology it will be possible to create new and better products that will take up less space and operate on a level that will exceed any current existing product.  Nanotechnology will change the capabilities of biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, computer science and mathematics.  For example, Cloning is a result of the advancement of nanotechnology.  However, since products will be made much smaller, there are many concern regarding nanotechnology such as, miniature bomb that will be undetected and able to do more damage that current bombs.  Despite these concerns, nanotechnology will change the way people interact in the world.  For example, cellular phone could be made into the size of a dime so that people will be able to attach these phones to their collars.  Another future event that could take place regarding nanotechnology is that it could soon be possible to create a car engine that is smaller than the tip of your finger but is able to last 10 times longer that current car engines, and it will cost less to produce making car less expensive. Nanotechnology is the technology of the future and will change the way products are made so that they are smaller are more manageable to handle.  Nanotechnology will be a huge advancement in society because this technology will reduce the resource and time needed to create certain products.  As a result, people will be able to benefit from this technology because products will be cheaper.

Reference
Newhouse News Service (NNS) Scientists, Environmentalists Spar Over Nanotechnology, Retrieved February 17, 2004 from: http://www.newhouse.com/archive/story1a090402.html

Nanotechnology Now (1999-2004)
Retrieved February 17 2004 from: http://nanotech-now.com/basics.htm

Canter for Responsible Nanotechnology (2002-2004) Retrieved February 17 2004 from: http://www.crnano.org/whatis.htm

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/information-technology-articles/the-future-of-nanotechnology-micro-electronics-3994167.html

About the Author

I grew up on a farm (which my parents still own) in Richmond, Virginia), so I am a lover of animals and the country life. When I was 19, I went off to college to pursue my Bachelors Degree in Communication with a minor in Business at Georgetown University in Washington D.C.Four years later I obtained my degree (after much studying and lots of patients). After school I took a 2 year internship with a well known Broadcasting Company.  After this internship was over,  I move backed home to Virginia... missing the country life, and have been here ever since : - )

I consider myself very spiritual and a open minded person.  I love meditating and entertain my mind with the mystical side of life. In my leisure time I like knitting, horseback riding gardening, blogging, crystal digging, and reading facilitation book. One book I recently read that truly opened my eyes was. 'The Power of Your Subconscious Mind' by Joseph Murphy.  This is a must read for anyone who want to truly change their life for the best.  I also enjoy writing relevant information on fascinating subjects, which has become a career and hobby.

Impacts of Nanotechnology

Author: Shivantha Withanage

What is nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on a molecular scale. In general this field deals with structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometers (nm) in at least one dimension. . In 1974 Tokyo science university professor Norio Taniguchi defined the term 'nanotechnology' as follows; 'Nano-technology' mainly consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or by one molecule.'

Nanotechnology is not just a single technical approach. It is a scientific basis for various possible new propositions. For example fields like nanomechanics, nanoelectronics and nanophotonics are new fields which have evolved on the scientific foundation of nanotechnology. As shown above it covers a vast range in science from mechanisms in the conventional physics to absolutely new methods based on self assembly of matter. Nanotechnology deals directly with developing new materials within the nano scale and investigate possibilities and methodologies of controlling matter on the atomic scale.

Unknown history of nanotechnology.   

The concept of nanotechnology was first expressed in 'There's plenty of room at the bottom', a speech given by physicist Richard Feynman at an American physical society meeting at Caltech which was held on 1959. In this speech he described about development of methods to manipulate individual atoms and molecules.

In 1980's the basic idea of nanotechnology was explored in much more depth by Dr. K. Eric Drexler, who promoted the significance of nano-scale phenomena by the means of speeches and books such as 'Engines of Creations: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology' which is considered as the first book on nanotechnology.

Major advancement of the nanotechnology was accompanied by two major moves in the science; the origin of cluster science and the invention of scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This led to the discovery of fullerenes, which are the molecules composed entirely in carbons, in the forms of hollow sphere, ellipsoid or tube, in 1985. After few years carbon nano tubes which is a special type of fullerene was discovered.

Concepts of nanotechnology.

There are two main concepts in nanotechnology; the 'bottom-up' concept and the 'top-down' concept.

In the 'bottom-up' concept, materials are built from molecular components which have the ability of assembling themselves chemically under the principles of molecular recognition and bond formation.  DNA nanotechnology and chemical synthesis are based on this approach.

In the 'top-down' concept objects in the nano scale are constructed from larger entities. The 'top-down' concept doesn\'t involve any control of the formation of nano bodies at the atomic level.

In this scenario scaling issues would arise from changing the magnitude of various physical phenomena.

Manipulating matter.

While approaching the nano scale, properties of matter greatly changes from their properties at the macro or micro scale. Therefore at the nano level unique behaviors can be observed in the matter. Nanotechnology is about creating, studying and manipulating these special behaviors in a desired manner. By controlling these unique properties, never imagined tasks could be achieved. For example at the nano scale clay bricks are able to transmit electricity which they are completely unable to do at the macro scale. As a result we will be able to transmit electricity through specially laid paths of nano-bricks inside the walls instead of using metal cables.

Manipulating matter at the nano scale is a main focus in the field of nano science. Because all the future achievements in nanotechnology is based upon those handling methods. Without the proper and adequate control, as everything, nano materials can act in a hazardous way, that they may harm both living and non-living bodies existing. Therefore before approaching the sophisticated creations in this field, scientists should research on the basic behaviors of nano material and methods to manipulate them. That will help us to develop an effective technology.

Applications of nanotech.

Applied nanotechnology spreads in a wide area. Some scientists say nanotechnology will replace each and every existing technology on earth. By now most of the branches of science have their own subcategories of nanotechnological approaches, like nano-medicine, nano-chemistry and nano-robotics. One way of categorizing these numerous applications are according to the fundamental nano materials which have been utilized in those applications. There are three main fundamental components; Nano-surfaces, Nano-particles and Nano-tubes.

Nano surfaces are surfaces with nano scale impressions which are developed by special treatment processes. Effective surface area (a) of nano-surface is extremely higher than a similar area of normal surface. Therefore unique features can be observed in nano-surfaces. For example, if we use a nano-surface as an electrode in a electrolyte fuel cell, since the electric current (I) generated by the cell is proportional to the surface area of the electrode (I α a), with the increased surface area of the nano-electrode, higher electric current can be generated. On nano-surfaces we will be able to build nano-chips with relatively high capacity and smaller solar panels which can harvest higher solar energy. Since nano surfaces have nano scale cavities they will trap almost all the particles and microbes thus nano surfaces can be used as highly effective filters. If the cavities are so small that nothing can enter them, then nothing will be able to make contacts with the surface. So those nano surfaces can be used to develop self cleaning roofs, walls, tiles, glass and even garments.

Nano particles are the particles within 1-100nm. They are also referred as Ultra Fine Particles (UFP). These particles are specially utilized as carriers or containers. In bio-medicine these particles are used to transport medicine to the target areas inside the living bodies. This technology is a rising method of treatment for cancers.

Nano-tubes are tubes which range within 1-100nm. They are usually developed by rolling around an atomic layer in the shape of a tube. Nano tube is a main part in nano-motors and nano-rotors. They can also be utilized as transporters when the ends of the tube are closed. Nano scale conducting lines can be constructed by attaching a series of nano-tubes at ends. Key component in nano wires and nano diodes are these nano tubes.

Some of nano particles and nano tubes belong to the universal group known as fullerenes. Fullerene is a general name given to hollowed structures developed by carbon atoms. Those structures either can be spherical or tubular. Spherical fullerenes are also known as Bucky-balls, which is a fascination in the field of nano science.

The most advanced creation of nanotechnology will be the nano-robot. Those are the robots with sizes ranging 1-100nm and act at the atomic level. They can be constructed in order to function at different environments and to perform various tasks. According to the activity that they have to perform, their shape, size, components and programs will be changed. Concepts of self assembly, molecular recognition and molecular programming which are still in their early stages will have to be utilized to create nanobots. When they are on the field they can be used to detect various substances in blood and to check DNA mutations. Then it will not be necessary to draw blood samples or DNA samples from time to time and perform various lab techniques, instead robots will stay inside the body twenty four-seven and provide reports each and every second. Nanobots which are programmed to destroy viruses and bacteria can be used to fight against infections and even to provide everlasting immunity. Also nanobots can be used to degenerate and eliminate pollutants from the environment such as polyethylene and carbonmonooxide (CO).

Impacts.

Even though humans invented it and developing it, in an one particular instance it will go out from human control to its own control, because principals of self assembly have been used from the very first initiation to create it. The results of self control is beyond our imaginations. Therefore even though it is not comfortable, we should know that future of this field is unpredictable. But as human intellects we can make some good speculations about the future of nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology beyond control can be a great danger. They can be categorized as primary impacts and secondary impacts.

Primary impacts are the damage directly done by the technology; nano-robots if not programmed well or if not under proper control can cause serious problems, enter living organisms and start destroying the cells by various mechanisms such as destroying proteins and mutating genetic material, change the electric sequences of the neurons and damage the brain thus resulting mental and physical disorders. Some of these can be lethal. Nano compounds can cause various incurable diseases.

Secondary impacts are the damage result through the primary impacts; impairments of mental and physical health will lead to social and behavioral problems, mutations in genetic material will result in new species which either can be good or bad.

Since the nano materials are super efficient, invisible to the naked eye and easily spreadable through any medium, without controlling methods, they can easily cause an invasion. Therefore if we are going to advance this technology, we should first research the fundamental properties and controlling methods of them. Then we should apply those methods to the technology in order to minimize the damage potential. We should also assess the technology all the time on their practical application.

But still we can't assure a 100harm free technology. Because nanotechnology at their higher stages will develop their own mutated properties which we still do not know. At that moment we will be defense less in front of our own technology. That is why it is so important to study all feasible behaviors of nano materials and systems. That will grant us a secure, practical and an effective novel technology.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/science-articles/impacts-of-nanotechnology-5227679.html

About the Author

Shivantha Withanage is a science student. Since 2009 he is publishing on various fields of science. In 2010, he came up with his debut science project, 'Traditional Ways of Water Purification', where he attempted to evaluate the scientific basis of traditional wisdom of water purification in Sri Lanka.

Nanotechnology Global Market

Nanotechnology : A Realistic Market Assessment  

by Mary859

THIS REPORT CONTAINS

* Total worldwide sales revenues for nanotechnology were $11,671.3 million in 2009, and are expected to increase to more than $26000 Million in 2015, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.1%.
* The largest nanotechnology segments in 2009 were Nanomaterials. All Nanomaterials will increase from $9,027.2 million in 2009 to nearly $19,621.7 million in 2015, a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.7%.
* Sales of Nanotools will experience high growth. This market segment was worth $2,613.1 million in 2009 and will increase at a 3.3% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach a value of $6,812.5 million in 2015.
* Sales of Nanodevices will experience moderate growth. This market segment was worth $31 million in 2009 and will increase at a 45.9% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) to reach a value of $233.7 million in 2015.

INTRODUCTION

The previous (2008) edition of this report began by noting that the hype, both positive and negative, that has surrounded nanotechnology appears to be growing less extreme: today, rosy projections of a §trillion-dollar¨ nanotechnology market in 10 years or apocalyptic predictions about a §Faustian bargain¨ or a §Pandora's box¨[1] are heard less often.

However, while the hype may have slowed somewhat, it is still there. Growing public awareness combined with the complex, diverse nature of the technologies that are commonly grouped together under the heading of nanotechnology virtually invites misunderstanding, if not actual misrepresentation.

For example, in 2010, a respected journalist wrote a series of stories for AOL News with the title, §The Nanotech Gamble: Bold Science, Big Money, Growing Risks,¨ that faulted the U.S. government's performance in identifying and protecting the public against alleged health hazards posed by nanotechnology. One interviewee asked rhetorically, "How long should the public have to wait before the government takes protective action? Must the bodies stack up first?"

So stinging was the piece to the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) and the National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO) that the director of the NNCO felt compelled to issue a formal rebuttal. According to the rebuttal, the author takes an alarmist perspective,¨ uses irrelevant examples,¨ and fails to balance the risks against the benefits of nanotechnology. As some observers have noted, the debate over the AOL News article (which was still simmering when this report was written) is at best a distraction from the research that needs to be done.

Business, academia, the media all have an incentive to attempt to cash in on nanotechnology. Various manufacturers have tacked §nano¨ onto their products and processes, whether or not they deal in nano-size elements, in an attempt to boost sales. Companies that have nothing to do with nanotechnology have   "nano¨ in their names to make them sound more technologically advanced than the competition. Some academic researchers worry that the nano buzzword is being misused to bring in research dollars for dubious technologies and applications, at the expense of legitimate research.

Hype inevitably carries with it the risk of a backlash, because it can create unrealistic expectations for nanotechnology. Then, when expectations are not met, people tend to withdraw or worse turn oppositional. A blog entry on The Bespoke Investment Group¦s website observed that:

§Back in the good old days of the mid-2000s, investors were riding a bull market wave and looking for the next big thing. One of those next big things was nanotechnology. Ever since the collapse began in 2007, however, the nanotech craze seems all but forgotten. We can't remember the last time we read or watched something about nanotech. Stocks and ETFs relating to nanotech have also lost investor interest.

As a result, legitimate nanotechnology products and applications are hurt along with the rest, as funding and markets dry up. The dot.com boom and bust provides a cautionary example of the dangers of hype, but nanotechnology has a more tangible nature because it is a set of technologies. This report takes a realistic look at the nanotechnology field and tries to provide a road map to the technologies and applications that are most likely to be commercialized in the next 5 years.

STUDY BACKGROUND

While it appears inevitable that nanotechnology will have a broad and fundamental impact on many sectors of the U.S. economy, various technical, marketing and other hurdles need to be overcome before nanotechnology fulfills this promise. These challenges and differences of opinion regarding commercial applications are reflected in the widely diverging estimates of the U.S. and global nanotechnology markets.

Estimates of the global nanotechnology market in 2010 range from about $15.7 billion (the figure used in this report) to $1 trillion. By 2015, the market may be worth more than $2.4 trillion, according to different analysts. These differences reflect not only different analytical methods and assumptions, but also different definitions of the nanotechnology market (e.g., whether to include decades-old technologies such as carbon black rubber reinforcers and photographic silver, or whether to base the market value on nanotechnology inputs alone, as opposed to the total value of products that incorporate nanotechnology).

Perhaps as a reflection of the difficulty of quantifying the market for nanotechnologies, some analysts downplay the commercial dimensions of the nanotechnology market, and focus instead on the supply side, i.e., the development of new nanoscale technologies and applications. These analysts have made valuable contributions, raising investors awareness of and interest in nanotechnologies.

However, by itself, the work of these analysts does not provide sufficient information in order to guide corporate or individual investment decisions. Investors require additional data, such as the size of specific nanotechnology markets, prices, and competition, as well as potential regulation.

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The goal of this report is to provide investors and others with information on the commercial potential of various nanotechnologies and to complement the growing body of technical information. Specific objectives include identifying segments of the nanotechnology market with the greatest commercial potential in the near to mid-term (2010 through 2015), projecting future demand in these segments, and evaluating the challenges that must be overcome for each segment to realize its potential in order to estimate the probability of successful commercialization.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

The report is especially intended for entrepreneurs, investors, venture capitalists, and other readers with a need to know where the nanotechnology market is headed in the next 5 years. Other readers who should find the report particularly valuable include nanotechnology marketing executives and government officials associated with the National Nanotechnology Initiative and other state-level programs that promote the development of the nanotechnology industry. The report's findings and conclusions should also be of interest to the broader nanotechnology community.

SCOPE OF REPORT

The global market for nanotechnology applications will be addressed. Nanotechnology applications are defined comprehensively as the creation and utilization of materials, devices, and systems through the manipulation of matter at scales of less than 100 nanometers. The study covers nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanostructured materials, and nanocomposites), nanotools (nanolithography tools and scanning probe microscopes), and nanodevices (nanosensors and nanoelectronics).

A pragmatic decision was made to exclude certain types of materials and devices from the report that technically fit the definition of nanotechnology. These exceptions include carbon black nanoparticles used to reinforce tires and other rubber products; photographic silver and dye nanoparticles; and activated carbon used for water filtration. These materials were excluded because they have been used for decades, long before the concept of nanotechnology was born, and their huge volumes (especially carbon black and activated carbon) would tend to swamp the newer nanomaterials in the analysis.

Nanoscale semiconductors are also excluded from the study, although the tools used to create them are included. Unlike carbon black and activated carbon, nanoscale semiconductors are a relatively new development. However, they have been analyzed comprehensively elsewhere, and like carbon black and activated carbon, would tend to overwhelm other nanotechnologies by their sheer volume in the out-years towards 2015.

The study format includes the following major elements:

* Executive summary
* Definitions
* Milestones in the development of nanotechnology
* Current and potential nanotechnology applications
* Applications and end users with the greatest commercial potential through 2015
* Global nanotechnology market trends, 2009 through 2015
* Factors that will influence the long-term development of nanotechnology
* Market shares and industry structure.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

Projecting the market for emerging technologies, such as most nanotechnology applications whose commercial potential has not yet been proven, is a challenging task, which may help to explain why many analysts focus on supply-side technology assessments. A multiphase approach was used in the preparation of this report to identify the nanotechnology applications with the greatest commercial potential and quantify the market for these applications, as described below.

In the first phase of the analysis, BCC Research identifies a long list of potential nanotechnology applications (including applications that are still under development) and mapped them against potential end-user industries, such as information technology/electronics, biotechnology, and health care. In the second phase, BCC eliminates those nanotechnology applications that appear to have little likelihood of making it into commercial production in the next 5 years. This was accomplished through a literature review and interviews with industry sources. The result of phase two is a short list of applications and end-user industries with the greatest near- to mid-term commercial potential.

The third phase focuses on quantifying the potential broader market for each short-listed nanotechnology application and identifying the main prerequisites for commercial success. Various methodologies and data sources were used to develop the projections, including trend-line projections, input-output analysis, and estimates of future demand from industry sources.

You Can read Table of Contents for the report Nanotechnology: A Realistic Market Assessment-http://www.reportsnreports.com/reports/70987-nanotechnology-a-realistic-market-assessment.html

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Nanotechnology: A Boon For Today And Its Innovations For Tomorrow's World

Author:shiva

Nanotechnology emerged by the implementation of nanoscience-which is the science of building materials and devices using single atoms and molecules .Thus knowledge and understanding of behavior and phenomena of the nanoscale world is nanoscience and when we study, observe, experiment and build materials from the individual atoms and molecules (nanoscale things) we come up with a technology termed as nanotechnology.

It has been already been observed that everything is made up of molecules which in turn are made up of atoms, now customization at these levels to get a useful product is what nanotechnology is helping us achieve.

[caption id="attachment_38" align="aligncenter" width="300" caption="Nanotechnology Australia : Nanotechnology - A Boon For Today And Its Innovations For Tomorrow's World"][/caption]

WHAT ACTUALLY IS NANOTECHNOLOGY ALL ABOUT?

Nanotechnology has been understood by different scientists in different way and so we can have many definition if this technology by all intimately means to say only one thing that nanotechnology is really a boon and a gift which can be utilized in different field to given tremendous results .Nanoscience is an interdisciplinary subject and is used in many field for creating tremendous results

In early years When K. Eric Drexler popularized the word ‘nanotechnology', he was talking about building machines on the scale of molecules, a few nanometers wide—motors, robot arms, and even whole computers, far smaller than a cell. Thus nanotechnology evolution was also categorized in four generations viz-‘Passive nanostructures', Active Nanostructures', 'Systems of nanosystems' and ‘Molecular nanostructures'.

Fig -2 www.h20technologies.com

The prefix ‘nano' in both science and technology refers to the unit of 10-9 which means really small. It has been observed in research that at nanoscale (10-9m),the physical, chemical & biological properties of material differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of individual atoms and molecules of bulk matter. Materials at nanoscale can behave very differently from when they are in larger form. Nanomaterials can be stronger or lighter, or conduct heat or electricity in a different way. Moreover, by changing just the molecular structure of a material it is even possible to control fundamental properties of materials like their melting temperature, magnetic properties, charge capacity and even colors without changing their chemical compositions; particles of gold can appear red or blue, depending on their size. Building something out of these materials is difficult but have tremendous results. Although nonmaterial processes occur at the nano scale level but the objects and result scan be much larger.

APPLICATION AREAS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES-

Nanotechnology is not just a concept of material science but it has implementations of physics, chemistry, biology, computer science, mechanical and electrical engineering. Nanotechnology is distinguished by its interdisciplinary nature. Lot of work has already been done in nanotechnology field and there is tremendous scope for this technology in future. Scientists have already applied this technology in various fields and it holds many inventions for future. Let us have a look what all nanotechnology has in its shell.

• Natural nanotechnology-

Nanotechnology appears naturally without intervention of human beings. For e.g.-Chloroplast in plant cells.

• Nanotechnology in IT & Electronics-

Nanotechnology has proved to be a miracle in these fields as it is used in miniaturization of devices in the semiconductor industry. This technology holds major implications in the field of computers. For e.g.-Nanochips in computers .Nanotechnology offers the tools to understand / transform the silicon technology. It is the major reason of improvement in display screens and electronic devices. (Replacements of CRT by electron-producing Carbon Nanotubes).High resolution Recordable Compact Discs (CD-R) with progressive scans are built with nanotechnology that displays the best in picture quality. And only because of nanotechnology, nonvolatile random access memory cards have been designed that are almost 10 times better as compared to similarly sized regular RAM. Wireless laser mouse have also been designed with nanotechnology. This mouse is perfect for medical offices, libraries, and schools as well as for mobile professionals, gamers, and desktop users. As there is nano coating in the mouse it contains antimicrobial properties, which protect the mouse from bacteria.[4]Nano robotics, is the technology of creating machines at or close to microscopic scale of nanometers. Researchers all over the world are working to come up with the best designs to actually build these nanocomputers(DNA & Quantum computers). Demand for better surface finish and accuracy has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Nano - surface finish has become an important parameter in the semiconductor industry[5].

• 
  

  Chemical Nanotechnology-

  
  

It is not a new field as many chemical processes use it. Chemical catalysts coating, alloys, abrasives and glues are typical examples chemical nanotechnology.

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  Nanobiotechnology & Biomedical nanotechnology-

  
  

This technology studies element exists in nature to produce new devices. In life sciences this technology is used in nanocells e.g.: 'Globblebot'- an artificial white blood cell. It is used in biomedicines, diagnosis & therapy of cancer. For e.g.-Nanotubes,nano medicines and nanogels. Tiny machines(nano robots) in your body can be used  to cure cancer as cancer cells can be killed without painful side effects of chemotherapy. Thus we can now destroy tumors without killing healthy cells at the same time. Using nanotechnology in biometric sensors for medical therapies is now possible only because of nanotechnology. Carbon tubes are already helping to deliver drugs. Scientists have microscopic robots floating in our blood streams fighting against cancer cells, AIDS HIV virus, genetic disorders or even ageing. Nanotechnology has revolutionise the pharmaceutical industry by changing the ways drugs are produced and delivered.

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  Nanotechnology In space –

  
  

There is a tremendous improvement in shuttles & Satellites using ‘Nano satellites\' -Biosensors (as a solution to Columbia shuttle tragedy & Fabrication to space shuttle material that can withstand 1000 degree centigrade.)Nano foods (food which can be preserved without refrigeration & protection from bacteria and diseases),Space suites and Space Elevator 'Climbing the Sky' -Ultra high strength materials allow tower to be built into space ! is only a new step of nanotechnology.

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  Nanotechnology and Defense-

  
  

Nanotechnology is now being used in defense to make more secure, lighter and accurate sensors. It is a promise from nanotechnology that the weapons will improve as the conventional material can be replaced with more rigid & lighter material using this technology.

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MARKET-TODAY AND PROMISES FOR TOMMORROW

Currently more than 370 products on the market are utilizing nanotechnology.  These range from car tires and sports equipment to electronics, clothing with stain-resistant fibers and cosmetics.

Nanotechnology is used in  - The cars we drive, The food we eat, the clothes we wear-there are jackets available in the market which will keep us cool in summers and warm in winters, The sunscreens we use-which use nano sized zinc oxide particles to absorb and reflect UV rays which makes lotions transparent and smooth and non-sticky which will therefore make it more appealing to the consumer. We have Anti-ageing creams and the food shortly will be available that contain chemicals which are said to prevent wrinkles by promoting skin cell regrowth, Nano health supplements are also available -such as antioxidants. In sports, nanotechnology is used in Tennis balls, which are coated with nano sized material which make them more lighter and bouncy as molecular barrier is formed by the tiny particles that trap air molecules making the balls extra bouncy. Self-cleaning windows will be in the market soon, which are coated with a material, which has unique chemical properties. When the sun shines on these windows, a chemical reaction is triggered which breaks down dirt. Rain, instead of forming droplets, will spread evenly over the panel and wash away the broken down dirt. (as they are photocatalytic and hydrophilic).We have Washing Machines available e.g. Samsung Silver care which exhibits bacterial growth on the clothes it washes. Contact lenses are being developed that let you check your blood sugar by looking in a mirror. Intelligent nano coating for windows will serve as protector that reflect solar heat in the summer and transmit it in winter. Automobiles fuel lines are available in the market which are made up of carbon nano tubes which inhibits static electricity and reduce the risk of explosion.

In future you might be reading on electronic folded paper, according to an American Scientists, build from thousands of Carbon nanotubes. Researchers all over the world are working to come up with the best practices and results using this amazing technology and making our daily lives easy and interesting. Additional applications are underway in the areas of medical diagnostics and treatment, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, environmental protection (transformation of wastage into useful products), energy production, storage and lightning, manufacturing and product design.

Scientists believe that it is possible to build supercomputers that can replicate human brains or to develop nanotechnology that can lead to an implantable chip for interfacing with neurons and other types of cellular networks.[6]

Nanotechnology has contributed towards the betterment of  human lives and the environment as reduction in production of waste as now it is not impossible to have devices that can convert house hold waste into fresh food, diamond rings or antique works of art. Thus a pollution free environment can be created

RISKS OF THE BOON-A CONTROVERSAL ISSUE!!

We have already seen the benefits of nano structuring. But to fully utilize these materials we should be cautious while using and a defined framework should be used to maximize the potentials of nanotechnology. Due to the high surface area the reactivity of the materials, get increased which can create risks to the health and environment. Ultra fine particals can catalyze chemical reactions in the body. Carbon nanotubes can cause infections-gallium & arsenic is used in it, which could prove toxic.They could easily cross blood brain barrier(a membrane that protects the brain  from harmful chemical in blood stream. Changes in proteins due to the presence of nano particles in the blood stream could trigger dangerous effects like blood clotting.)

Apart from the health risks we have the risks associated with our social environment also like ‘Grey-goo scenario' proposed by Eric Drexler, where a synthetic nano-size device replaces all organic material. This scenario specifies that there will ‘Two Races of People'-as the people who use nano technology products such as cosmetics etc. will feel superior to those who are not using it.Is this scenario good for the society. Apart from this fact we should observe a question -Are More powerful weapons good ? and What about the manufacturing jobs?

We don't have answers to these questions, but several organizations are urging nanoscientists to consider these implications now, before it becomes too late.

Whether we actually need to answer all of these questions is a matter of debate. Many experts think that concerns like ‘Grey goo' and ‘Trans-humans' are at best premature, and probably unnecessary. Even so, nanotechnology will definitely continue to impact us as we learn more about the enormous potential of the nanoscale and nano-stucturing.

CONCLUSION

It can be said very confidently that nanotechnology is considered as the key technology of the 21st century. It has offered and will offer many solutions to many current problems by means of smaller, lighter, faster and better performing materials, components and systems. Nanotechnology has opened up new market opportunities and has also made essential contributions to environmental and health protection. Nanotechnology with all its challenges and opportunities will become a part of our future. Besides all risks and confusions, the researchers are optimistic for the products based upon this technology

I have no doubt in saying that Nanotechnology is slowly but steadily ushering in the new industrial revolution.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/technology-articles/nanotechnology-a-boon-for-today-and-its-innovations-for-tomorrows-world-4840043.html

About the Author

This article has been written by Shiva Sharam . She is an Assistant Professor, Department of PGDM(IT), Accurate Institute of Management and technology, Greater Noida.

Nanotechnology is begining to improve our everyday lives – part 2

NanoSense 2 - how Nanotechnology is improving our everyday lives

Author: Prof. Benfield

Continuing our Fantastic Voyage

In the first of these brief articles the sci-fi film Fantastic Voyage of 40 years ago was seen emerging as today's scientific discipline 'Nanotechnology'.

Having considered some of the incredible ways that medical science is applying the knowledge of sub-molecular changes to deliver health benefits, this second part in the series links these with materials science and our everyday environments. .

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Citing the development work of Greek scientist Dr Ioannis Arabatzis, it takes a look at some of the products produced by his company, Nanophos SA. Winner of the Gates' foundations' international prize for commercializing scientific research, his efforts to deliver practical benefits to everyday situations through technical excellence and inventiveness are seen as exemplary.

(E)merging building science

Despite the arguments over when and if nanotechnology and in particular nanobots will become available, as the previous article illustrates this is happening. Perhaps this is all the more so in nonmedical areas, which are subject to all sorts of test before they can be applied. This is particularly so in the area of Building Science, which is able to apply the same technology and techniques, but with far fewer restrictions and therefore faster market deliverability.

Based in Greece, 'Nanophos SA' is one company already delivering the benefits of Nanotechnology to address everyday problems in and around the home and other buildings to improve our lives.

Founded by scientist Dr Ioannis Arabatzis, Nanophos SA has developed a number of compounds for treating all kinds of products. Personally recognised by Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, for the innovative nature of their work, NanoPhos and Dr Arabatzis are undoubtedly delivering cutting edge nanotech inventions to improve and add value to a wide range of everyday products.

Protecting and waterproofing surfaces from within

Bricks, concrete, marble and timber are just a few of the items surrounding us in everyday life that are susceptible to surface damage though staining, sunlight, mould and fungus. Unlike other compounds, for instance 2 component or silicon based treatments that create a 'plastic film' on the surface they are applied to, Nanophos SA' SurfaPore® product uses the changed characteristics of nanotechnology to deeply penetrate the pores of these materials and 'dress' them from within.

Instead of sealing off these pores, like the other treatments, they act below the surface to change the cellular structure of the material, enabling it to use chemical forces to repel water and other corroding factors.

Whereas surface barrier films are damaged or worn away by cleaning, abrasion and mechanical wear and tear, this below surface treatment gives truly long lasting protection to any material to which it is applied. Since non-particles do not form polymer chains, they also last longer, with 95% of their original functionality or activity being recorded after eight years.

This enhanced, long lasting protection is due to the unique method developed by SurfaPore to chemically anchor its nanoparticles onto the basic building material.

Avoiding colour change and UV damage

By eliminating the need to create a film or membrane to protect surfaces, SurfaPore® formulations don't change the colour or appearance of the surfaces to which they are applied. They are also more resistant to the 'hard' UV part of solar radiation and so are less susceptible to the yellowing and fade effects of sunlight.

'Breathing' surfaces

One very important advantage of SurfaPore® is that surfaces modified with an appropriate SurfaPore® nanocompound can still 'breathe' after application. What this means is that water vapour can still travel from and to the outside through the natural pores of the material because they are not trapped by a protective film or membrane.

While water itself is blocked from being transferred from the external environment to the inside of the material, moisture that has got into the substrate before application can still freely vaporise and evaporate to the environment, without accumulating behind the building's surface.

As building technologists will readily appreciate, this means that surfaces modified with SurfaPore® remain dry and unchanged in both appearance and mechanical properties. Better still, many building failures, like swelling, cracking and warping are also minimized if not totally prevented.

Next Time

Using SurfaPore® to protect surfaces from stains, moulds, and fungus, how to apply, coverage and other useful 'stuff'.

The SurfaPore® range

With constant research adding to and improving these high tech products, SurfaPore® 'C' is the treatment for cement based surfaces, mortar, grout, stucco and natural or artificial stone, SurfaPore® 'R' is the product for clay based bricks, tiles, terracotta, and pottery, SurfaPore® 'T' is that one to use to protect granite, marble, and porcelain surfaces, while SurfaPore® 'W' provides wide protection for timber and wood based materials.
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Dr Benfield is visiting Professor with University of Wales Newport and CEO of on-line superstore Home & Garden Centre who sell innovative and unusual products, including solid wall insulation and nanotechnology materials.

Article Source: http://www.articlealley.com/http://profbenfield.articlealley.com/nanosense-2--how-nanotechnology-is-improving-our-everyday-lives-1179631.html

Nanotechnology is begining to improve our everyday lives - part 1

How Nanotechnology is begining to improve our everyday lives - part 1

Author: Prof. Benfield

Sci-fi's Fantastic Voyage predicted today's science. From the film in which scientists shrank a and injected a submarine and its crew to save a dying man to even stranger inventions.

Do you remember 'Fantastic Voyage' - the sci-fi film in which scientists shran

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k a submarine and crew, injected them into a dying man , and saved him from certain death before being resized for more adventures?

Scripted by Harry Kleiner in 1966 and novelized for Bantam paperbacks 6 months later by Isaac Asimov, it spawned an animated TV series as well as a Salvador Dali painting. Now, some 40 years later, it is seeing practical application in space and cancer medicine, as well as arguably more prosaic areas like materials science.

Today it is called 'Nanotechnology' and in this series of brief articles we'll be exploring how it is beginning to influence the world around us. It begins by linking medical and building science.

Nanontechnology in a Nutshell

The science of Nanotechnology deals with very, very small structures, usually less than 100 nanometers in diameter. With 1 nanometer being 1 billionth of a meter, you'll get some idea of how small this is by imagining the earth as having a diameter of 1 meter with 1 billion apple pips (seeds) inside it. Or, looked at another way, the dimension ratio between a meter and a nanometer is the same as between earth and an apple.

For the mathematical purists among you 1nm = 10 -09 m, i.e. 1/1,000,000,000 Einstein might have imagined this by building a train wagon in his mind, giving this a length, width and height of 1nm and then fitting this inside a few hundreds of hydrogen molecules.

For scientists and technologists this has special interest because at this size materials reveal unique properties when compared not only with ordinary bulk sized materials, but also their molecules. In essence they take advantages of properties that neither individual molecules nor molecular structures exhibit.

For example, if we could see it a gold nanoparticle deposited on a surface would appear purple, rather than shiny and 'golden' that we presently recognize.

Again, if you can imagine a molecule as having a very small atom at it's core with many electrons spinning around this, all held together by the power of attraction, then you'll get some idea of the scale of things they are working with.

Another example of particular interest to scientists and technologists currently working, or considering working in this area is that of Titanium Dioxide (titania). This is used in paints to give that extremely white, opaque finish. But nanonised titania is completely transparent.

Nanomedicine

Drug discovery, drug delivery and continuing miniaturization are three areas in which medicine has joined our Fantastic Voyage. Long-term, in-vivo diagnostics and more targeted therapy without side effects are on the horizon. Being able to look for drug targets on a cellular rather than multi-cellular, or tissue basis can be much more precise.

Biosensors and molecule probes allow cellular processes to be examined and drug development aimed at molecular targets.

Latest treatment techniques already allow a drug to be put inside a nanoparticle, like a carbon or silicon nanotube. This might also hold antibodies to bind the drug, enabling smaller doses to be delivered direct to the targeted tissue.

Various nanoparticle drug formulations are already being investigated in animal models and early stage clinical studies in humans.

Treating Cancer & Diabetes

Using such nanobots, i.e. vehicles for carrying treatments, radioactive generators are already being injected. Going direct to the infected tissue these give small radiation doses to treat the cancer without all the unpleasant side effects of radiation therapy.

By encapsulating pancreatic cells inside nanoparticles they can be kept alive to secrete insulin without being attacked by antibodies. It's not a cure for diabetes, but does avoid unpleasant injections, delivering the insulin in a natural way.

Brain Tumors and Space Medicine

Neuroscientists are developing nanoparticles to cross the brain-blood barrier and could be treating brain tumors within a couple of years. Meanwhile NASA is pursuing remote diagnostics and treatments for space travelers, like radiation damaged cells. As Cecilia Haberzettl, founder and president of TechnoMed Strategic Partners, recently wrote in Nanotechnology

"When a cell is damaged by radiation it expresses different proteins on its surface. The nanobot would detect those proteins and then repair the cell, either by giving it antioxidants or by enhancing the natural mechanisms of DNA repair by some technique yet to be defined. Or, if the damage is severe, the nanobot could trigger the cell to die. All of that could happen while the astronauts are up in space, while avoiding communication delays due to the distance from the Earth."

Next Time

From treating humans to treating the buildings in which they live, how nanotechnology is being used in materials science and how a Greek entrepreneurial scientist has developed products that protect surfaces from stains, moulds, and fungus. Personally recognised by Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft, for the innovative nature of their work, they are undoubtedly delivering cutting edge nanotech inventions and technical excellence to improve and add value to a wide range of everyday products.

Look out for the next article to learn how this little company is experiencing burgeoning international growth by delivering massive advances and technical excellence in surface protections.
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Surfapore products can be bought on line from http://www.hgc.uk.com or http://www.benfieldatt.co.uk for inustrial quantities.

As visiting professor with the University of Wales Newport, Dr Benfield speaks, writes and consults on a range of environmental and sustainable development issues. Full Reprints with acknowledgment permitted. Approval required for changes.

Article Source: http://www.articlealley.com/http://profbenfield.articlealley.com/how-nanotechnology-is-begining-to-improve-our-everyday-lives--part-1-1147062.html

Nanotechnology Australia : A Short History of Nanotechnology

A Short History of Nanotechnology

Author: Tauqeer Ul Hassan

The idea of building machines in microscopic sizes and making them function like construction bots for producing organizing and rearranging objects at molecular level is not easy to believe when there is no such technology present. This concept was put forward by Richard Feynman in 1959 in his talk  There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom'. This was the first talk to deal with the principles of nanotechnology but this was not a new idea.

Nanotechnology Australia : A Short History of Nanotechnology

Before Feynman had talked about this concept of nanotechnology, it was already proposed by James Clerk Maxwell in 1867. He had proposed an experiment of little entity called Maxwell's Demon capable of handling individual molecules.

Richard Adolf Zsigmondy was the first to use nanometer for characterizing particle size in 1914. He determined it as 1/10,00,000 of millimeter from which he developed the first system classification based on particle size in the nanometer range.

Moore's Law had best codified the concept of the influences. Gordon Moore predicted on Intel in 1965 about how modern circuitry would pack more features as more devices were produced for the market. This law has held strong for nearly 50 years.

Nanotechnology was first defined by Norio Taniguchi of the Tokyo Science University in 1974. It was the processing of, separation, consolidation and deformation of materials by one atom or one molecule.

The concept of nanotechnology to engineering through the concept of molecular manufacturing was for the first time applied by Eric Drexler. He suggested that if atoms were viewed like marbles then molecules would be tight collections of these marbles. These molecules became normal scaled tools like motors when snapped together. Despite the size of nanoscale, these tools operated in the same way as their large counterparts did. The moving parts of the nano machines were formed by atoms held together by the strength of their own bonds. Drexler had finally envisioned that these nano bots would be used as assemblers for the purpose of putting together atoms into any shape.

By applying this simple vision of molecule manufacturing to industries, Drexler claimed that coal can change into diamond and computer chips can be made from sand. By reorganizing the atoms that make these materials, the process will be considerably shortened and their valuable products would be produced at a faster speed. This was the reason nanotechnology was presented by Drexler as a scientific field that exclusively revolved around molecule manufacturing.

You might also want to learn about who invented the mp3 player and history of nanotechnology.

Article Source: http://www.articlealley.com/http://tauqeerulhassan.articlealley.com/a-short-history-of-nanotechnology-1514359.html

Nanotechnology Australia : What is nanotechnology?

Stepping to the Nano-World

Author:Shivantha Withanage

 §  What is nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology is the study of manipulating matter on a molecular scale. In general this field deals with structures sized between 1 to 100 nanometers (nm) in at least one dimension. . In 1974 Tokyo science university professor Norio Taniguchi defined the term 'nanotechnology' as follows; 'Nano-technology' mainly consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or by one molecule.'

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Nanotechnology is not just a single technical approach. It is a scientific basis for various possible new propositions. For example fields like nanomechanics, nanoelectronics and nanophotonics are new fields which have evolved on the scientific foundation of nanotechnology. As shown above it covers a vast range in science from mechanisms in the conventional physics to absolutely new methods based on self assembly of matter. Nanotechnology deals directly with developing new materials within the nano scale and investigate possibilities and methodologies of controlling matter on the atomic scale.

§  Unknown history of nanotechnology.  

The concept of nanotechnology was first expressed in 'There's plenty of room at the bottom', a speech given by physicist Richard Feynman at an American physical society meeting at Caltech which was held on 1959. In this speech he described about development of methods to manipulate individual atoms and molecules. In 1980's the basic idea of nanotechnology was explored in much more depth by Dr. K. Eric Drexler, who promoted the significance of nano-scale phenomena by the means of speeches and books such as 'Engines of Creations: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology' which is considered as the first book on nanotechnology.

Major advancement of nanotechnology was accompanied by two major moves in the science; the origin of cluster science and the invention of scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This led to the discovery of fullerenes, which are the molecules composed entirely in carbons, in the forms of hollow sphere, ellipsoid or tube, in 1985. After few years, carbon nano tubes which is a special type of fullerene was discovered.

§  Concepts of nanotechnology.

There are two main concepts in nanotechnology; the 'bottom-up' concept and the 'top-down' concept.

•  In the 'bottom-up' concept, materials are built from molecular components which have the ability of assembling themselves chemically under the principles of molecular recognition and bond formation.


• In the 'top-down' concept objects in the nano scale are constructed from larger entities. The 'top-down' concept doesn't involve any control of the formation of nano bodies at the atomic level.

In this scenario scaling issues would arise from changing the magnitude of various physical phenomena.

Article Source: http://shivanthawithanage.articlesbase.com/science-articles/stepping-to-the-nano-world-4439399.html

About the Author

Shivantha Withanage is a science student. Since 2009 he is publishing on various fields of science. In 2010, he came up with his debut science project, 'Traditional Ways of Water Purification', where he attempted to evaluate the scientific basis of traditional wisdom of water purification in Sri Lanka.

Welcome to Nanotechnology Australia

Welcome to Nanotechnology Australia

A Nanotechnology website with basics, issues, news and information. Here you can learn about the nanotechnology and develop the knowledge on Nanomedicine, Nanoelectronics, Nanotubes, Nanoscale Materials, Nanomechanics , Nanophotonics & Nanocrystal.